Rising temperatures across Nigeria are increasing the risk of heat-related illnesses, including dehydration, heat exhaustion and potentially life-threatening heatstroke.
The Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet), in an October 23 advisory, warned of hotter days and increased heat discomfort as the country moves into the dry season.
The agency advised Nigerians to drink water regularly, wear lightweight clothing and avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.Health Risks of Extreme HeatExcessive heat makes it harder for the body to regulate its temperature, particularly when high humidity slows the evaporation of sweat.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), extreme heat can place additional pressure on the heart and kidneys and worsen existing conditions such as diabetes and respiratory diseases.Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluid than it takes in. Common symptoms include thirst, headaches, dizziness and tiredness.
Heat exhaustion may cause excessive sweating, nausea, weakness and dizziness. Without prompt attention, the condition can become more serious.Heatstroke is a medical emergency. Warning signs include confusion, seizures, collapse and loss of consciousness.
Anyone showing these symptoms needs immediate medical attention and rapid cooling.
Who Is Most at Risk?
Infants, young children, older adults, pregnant women and people with chronic illnesses are particularly vulnerable. Outdoor workers, including market traders, construction workers, farmers and traffic officers, also face increased exposure because of prolonged physical activity under the sun. Poorly ventilated homes and unreliable electricity can make it harder for people to escape indoor heat, especially at night.
How to Protect Yourself
NiMet and WHO recommend practical measures to reduce heat exposure: – Drink water regularly, even when you are not thirsty. – Wear loose, lightweight clothing. – Avoid strenuous outdoor activities during the hottest hours. – Take cool showers and spend time in shaded or cooler spaces. – Take regular breaks if working outdoors. – Check on children, older adults and people with existing health conditions. – Never leave children inside parked vehicles.
The WHO also advises against relying on electric fans when temperatures exceed 40°C.
When to Seek Medical Help
Dizziness, headaches, nausea and unusual weakness may indicate heat-related illness. Move to a cooler place and stop physical activity if these symptoms occur. Confusion, seizures or loss of consciousness require emergency medical attention. If heatstroke is suspected, seek help immediately and begin cooling the affected person.
Do not give fluids to someone who is unconscious.As temperatures rise, individuals, schools and employers must take practical steps to reduce heat exposure and protect vulnerable people.
